Table 1 Drugs for inhibiting EBOV replication
From: Possible FDA-approved drugs to treat Ebola virus infection
Drug generic name (trade name) | FDA approvement | Evidence in living animals with EBOV infections | Max human clinical dosage ≥ concentration to effective EBOV inhibition | Safety (side effects) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EBOV antibodies | No (in phase I trial) | Yes | Not available | In assessing | |
TIM-1 antibody | No | No | Not available | Not available | |
PMOplus | No | Yes | Not available | Not available | [3] |
BCX4430 | No | Yes | Not available | Not available | [4] |
TKM-Ebola | No (in phase I trial) | Yes | Not available | In assessing | [5] |
Ouabain | No | No | Not available | Toxic in high levels | [14] |
Imatinib (Gleevec or Glivec) | Yes | No | No | A little | [17] |
Nilotinib (Tasigna) | Yes | No | No | A little | [17] |
Miglustat | Yes | Yes | Yes (by oral admin.) | A little | [23] |
Benzylpiperazine adamantane diamide | No | No | Not available | Not available | [26] |
Clomiphene (Androxal, Clomid or Omifin) | Yes | Yes | Yes (by injection) | A little | |
Toremifene (Fareston or Acapodene) | Yes | Yes | Yes (by oral admin.) | A little | |
Amiodarone (Cordarone, or Nexterone), Dronedarone (Multaq) or Verapamil (Calan or Isoptin) | Yes | No | Not available | Risk of QT prolongation (cardiotoxicity) | |
Amiloride (Midamor) | Yes | No | Not available | A little | |
Chloroquine (Aralen) | Yes | No | Ineffective for primates | A little | |
Favipiravir (Avigan) | No | Yes | Suboptimal for primates | A little | [35] |