Table 4 Factor loadings of the Brief COPE

14. I've been trying to come up with a strategy about what to do

0.70

−0.06

0.12

0.29

0.04

0.01

12. I've been trying to see it in a different light, to make it seem more positive

0.68

0.10

0.13

−0.12

−0.01

0.24

25. I've been thinking hard about what steps to take

0.66

0.04

0.25

0.10

0.02

0.11

2. I've been concentrating my efforts on doing something about the situation I'm in

0.66

−0.02

0.04

0.13

0.07

0.10

7. I've been taking action to try to make the situation better

0.65

0.13

0.01

0.13

0.01

0.10

17. I've been looking for something good in what is happening

0.60

−0.10

0.23

−0.01

0.27

0.04

24. I've been learning to live with it

0.53

0.02

0.20

0.00

0.19

0.21

20. I've been accepting the reality of the fact that it has happened

0.42

0.29

0.03

−0.37

0.39

−0.22

11. I've been using alcohol or other drugs to help me get through it

−0.09

0.88

0.07

0.07

0.05

0.04

4. I've been using alcohol or other drugs to make myself feel better

−0.01

0.68

0.09

0.10

0.01

−0.02

16. I've been giving up the attempt to cope

0.11

0.55

0.21

0.22

0.08

0.08

21. I've been expressing my negative feelings

0.15

0.50

0.09

0.17

0.16

0.33

6. I've been giving up trying to deal with it

0.09

0.40

−0.00

0.28

0.25

0.35

10. I’ve been getting help and advice from other people

0.22

0.11

0.77

0.08

0.06

−0.12

23. I’ve been trying to get advice or help from other people about what to do

0.21

0.12

0.76

−0.05

0.23

−0.01

15. I've been getting comfort and understanding from someone

0.12

−0.01

0.67

−0.05

0.08

0.32

5. I've been getting emotional support from others

0.01

0.12

0.64

0.09

−0.05

0.31

9. I've been saying things to let my unpleasant feelings escape

0.38

0.26

0.54

0.22

0.10

−0.03

3. I've been saying to myself "this isn't real."

0.11

0.11

−0.09

0.72

0.02

0.18

8. I've been refusing to believe that it has happened

0.23

0.17

0.08

0.71

−0.04

0.04

26. I’ve been blaming myself for things that happened

0.03

.12

0.11

0.68

0.41

−0.07

13. I’ve been criticizing myself

0.09

0.29

0.13

0.61

0.36

−0.06

22. I've been trying to find comfort in my religion or spiritual beliefs

0.13

0.12

0.12

0.12

0.78

0.19

27. I've been praying or meditating

0.10

0.07

0.14

0.38

0.66

0.22

19. I've been doing something to think about it less, such as going to movies, watching TV, reading, daydreaming, sleeping, or shopping

0.21

−0.06

0.15

0.04

0.05

0.67

28. I've been making fun of the situation

0.16

0.27

0.08

0.07

0.31

0.48

18. I've been making jokes about it

0.30

0.20

0.22

−0.12

0.29

0.46

1. I've been turning to work or other activities to take my mind off things

0.45

0.17

−0.04

0.23

−0.01

0.45

Cronbach’s alpha

0.80

0.76

0.78

0.76

0.76

0.61

Item-subscale correlation coefficients

0.31 − 0.58

0.42 − 0.66

0.48 − 0.64

0.54 − 0.59

0.62

0.31 − 0.46

Variance explained

13.07 %

9.81 %

9.75 %

9.28 %

7.01 %

6.61 %