Table 4 Studies on combination therapy for VL in India

Thakur et al.

1991

SSG and Pentamidine

Randomised controlled comparative trial

312

Group-1 : Pentamidine (i.v) 4 mg/kg/day three times weekly until parasitological cure was achieved

Group 1:78 % Group 2: 84 % Group 3: 98 %

[128]

Group-2: Pentamidine (i.v) 4 mg/kg/day three times weekly + SSG (i.m) 20 mg/kg/day for 20 days

Group-3: Pentamidine (i.v) 4 mg/kg/day three times weekly until parasitological cure was achieved + SSG (i.m) 20 mg/kg/day for 20 days

Thakur et al.

1992

Paramomycin and SSG

Non comparative study

22

Paramomycin (i.v) 12 mg/kg/day +

81.8 %

[47]

SSG (i.m) 20 mg/kg/day for 20 days

Thakur et al.

2000

SSG and Paramomycin

Randomized comparative study

149

Group 1: Paramomycin 12 mg/kg/day + SSG (i.m) 20 mg/kg/day for 21 days

Group 1:92.3 % Group 2: 93.8 %, Group 3: 53.1 %

[141]

Group 2: Paramomycin 18 mg/kg/day + SSG (i.m) 20 mg/kg/day for 20 days

Group 3: SSG (i.m) 20 mg/kg/day for 21 days

Das et al.

2001

Pentamidine and Allopurinol

Randomized controlled comparative trial

158

Group 1: Pentamidine (i.m) 2 mg/kg/day on alternate days + allopurinol (oral) 15 mg/kg/day for 30 days

Group 1: 91.2 %, Group 2: 74.3 %

[67]

Group 2: : Pentamidine (i.m) 2 mg/kg/day on alternate days for 30 days

Sundar et al.

2008

L-AmB and Miltefosine

Randomized non-comparative, group sequential

226

Group1: L-AmB (i.v) 5 mg/kg single dose

Group 1: 91 % (78–97);

[142]

Group 2: L-AmB (i.v) 5 mg/kg single dose + miltefosine 100 mg/day for 10 days

Group 2: 98 % (87–100);

Group3: L- AmB (i.v) 5 mg/kg single dose + miltefosine 100 mg/day for 14 days

Group 3: 96 % (84–99);

Group 4: L-AmB (i.v) 3.75 mg/kg single dose + miltefosine 100 mg/day for 14 days

Group 4: 96 % (84–99);

Group 5: L-AmB (i.v) 5 mg/kg single dose + miltefosine 100 mg/day for 7 days

Group 5: 98 % (87–100)

Sundar et al.

2010

L-AmB, Miltefosine

Non-randomized multicentric trial

135

L-AmB (i.v) 5 mg/kg for single dose + miltefosine (oral) 2.5 mg/kg/day for 14 days

91.9 %

[143]

Sundar et al.

2011

AmB, L-AmB, Paramomycin, Miltefosine

Open label non-inferiority randomized control trial

634

Group 1: AmB (i.v) 1 mg/kg on alternate days for 30 days

Group 1: 93 % (88–96);

[144]

Group 2: L-AmB (i.v) 5 mg/kg for single dose + miltefosine (oral) 50 mg/kg for 7 days

Group 2: 98 % (93–99)

Group 3: Paramomycin (i.m) 11 mg/kg/day for 10 days

Group 3: 98 % (93–99);

Group 4: Miltefosine (oral) 50 mg/day for 10 days + paramomycin (i.m) 11 mg/kg/day for 10 days

Group 4: 99 % (95–100);