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Table 2 Characteristics of patients attending the clinics

From: Patients direct costs to undergo TB diagnosis

Variablesa

 

Ethiopia N = 504

Nepal N = 619

Nigeria N = 502

Yemen N = 600

All N = 2225

Alone: With company (% accompanied)

129:373 (74)

181:435 (70.3)

320:177 (35.3)

91:509 (84.8)

721:1494 (67.1)

Accompanying person

Spouse

61 (16.4)

62 (14.3)

50 (28.2)

51 (10)

224 (15)

 

Other relative

276 (74)

336 (77.2)

94 (53.1)

439 (86.2)

1145 (76.6)

 

Friend

13 (3.5)

17 (3.9)

19 (10.7)

17 (3.3)

66 (4.4)

 

Neighbour

7 (1.9)

10 (2.3)

1 (0.6)

0 (0)

18 (1.2)

 

Other

16 (4.3)

9 (2.1)

13 (7.3)

2 (0.4)

40 (2.7)

Travel time, median (25–75 IQR), min

45 (27–120)

25 (15–30)

45 (30–60)

60 (30–150)

40 (20–66)

Transport day 1

Walking

67 (13.3)

92 (14.9)

12 (2.4)

12 (2)

183 (8.2)

 

Carried

6 (1.2)

0 (0)

2 (0.4)

0 (0)

8 (0.4)

 

Bicycle

14 (2.8)

7 (1.1)

0 (0)

0 (0)

21 (0.9)

 

Cart/horse

129 (25.6)

5 (0.8)

0 (0)

4 (0.7)

138 (6.2)

 

Motorbike

1 (0.2)

104 (16.8)

2 (0.4)

3 (0.5)

110 (4.9)

 

Bus

148 (29.4)

303 (48.9)

303 (60.4)

127 (21.2)

881 (39.6)

 

Car

33 (6.5)

14 (2.3)

76 (15.1)

203 (33.8)

326 (14.7)

 

Taxi

103 (20.4)

83 (13.4)

101 (20.1)

250 (41.7)

537 (24.1)

 

Other

1 (0.2)

8 (1.3)

1 (0.2)

1 (0.2)

11 (0.5)

Transport day 2

Walking

118 (23.4)

104 (16.8)

13 (2.6)

12 (2)

247 (11.1)

 

Carried

3 (0.6)

2 (0.3)

2 (0.4)

1 (0.2)

8 (0.4)

 

Bicycle

13 (2.6)

9 (1.5)

0 (0)

0 (0)

22 (1)

 

Cart/horse

181 (35.9)

5 (0.8)

0 (0)

5 (0.8)

191 (8.6)

 

Motorbike

1 (0.2)

104 (16.8)

1 (0.2)

3 (0.5)

109 (4.9)

 

Bus

44 (8.7)

298 (48.1)

309 (61.6)

143 (23.8)

794 (35.7)

 

Taxi

108 (21.4)

72 (11.6)

73 (14.5)

327 (54.5)

580 (26.1)

 

Other

5 (1)

9 (1.5)

38 (7.6)

0 (0)

52 (2.3)

Accommodation

Home

358 (71)

267 (43.1)

437 (87.1)

407 (67.8)

1469 (66)

 

Relative

60 (11.9)

282 (45.6)

5 (1)

123 (20.5)

470 (21.1)

 

Hotel

66 (13.1)

40 (6.5)

0 (0)

68 (11.3)

174 (7.8)

 

Street

2 (0.4)

0 (0)

1 (0.2)

0 (0)

3 (0.1)

 

Shift

1 (0.2)

6 (1.0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

7 (0.3)

 

Hospital

15 (3.0)

20 (3.2)

54 (10.8)

2 (0.3)

91 (4.1)

  1. aData are frequency (%), unless specified. Patients’ data missing for whether they attended with company (i10,) person accompanying (1), accommodation (11 and transport (18). Min = minutes. P values for all comparisons between countries < 0.05, except for accompanying person being the spouse (p = 0.26) and Being carried (p = 0.69)