Table 4 Univariable and multivariable analyses for risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection
Variables | No. of participants | Infection rate (%) | cOR (95% CI) | P | aOR (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Village | ||||||
 A | 172 | 16.3 | 1.00 | 0.02 | 1.00 | 0.02 |
 B | 158 | 14.6 | 0.88 (0.48–1.60) | 0.67 | 0.81 (0.39–1.70) | 0.58 |
 C | 129 | 10.1 | 0.58 (0.29–1.16) | 0.12 | 0.47 (0.21–1.08) | 0.08 |
 D | 156 | 5.8 | 0.32 (0.14–0.69) | <0.01 | 0.26 (0.10–0.64) | <0.01 |
Gender | ||||||
 Male | 251 | 13.5 | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Female | 364 | 10.7 | 0.77 (0.47–1.25) | 0.29 |  |  |
Age (years) | ||||||
 0–10 | 110 | 12.7 | 1.00 | 0.24 |  |  |
 11–20 | 75 | 6.7 | 0.49 (0.17–1.42) | 0.19 |  |  |
 21–30 | 87 | 10.3 | 0.79 (0.33–1.93) | 0.61 |  |  |
 31–40 | 118 | 8.5 | 0.64 (0.27–1.50) | 0.30 |  |  |
 41–50 | 110 | 17.3 | 1.43 (0.68–3.02) | 0.35 |  |  |
 51–60 | 64 | 10.9 | 0.84 (0.32–2.21) | 0.73 |  |  |
 >60 | 51 | 17.6 | 1.47 (0.59–3.66) | 0.41 |  |  |
Marital status | ||||||
 Not married | 194 | 11.3 | 1.00 | 0.74 |  |  |
 Married | 383 | 11.7 | 1.04 (0.61–1.79) | 0.89 |  |  |
 Widowed | 38 | 15.8 | 1.47 (0.55–3.90) | 0.44 |  |  |
Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) | ||||||
 >18 | 526 | 12.2 | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 ≤18 | 89 | 10.1 | 0.81 (0.39–1.70) | 0.58 |  |  |
Education level | ||||||
 No school | 382 | 12.0 | 1.00 | 0.85 |  |  |
 Primary school | 206 | 11.2 | 0.92 (0.54–1.56) | 0.75 |  |  |
 Middle school and above | 27 | 14.8 | 1.27 (0.42–3.84) | 0.67 |  |  |
Occupation | ||||||
 Student | 113 | 9.7 | 1.00 | 0.72 |  |  |
 Farmer | 492 | 12.4 | 0.76 (0.39–1.50) | 0.43 |  |  |
 Other | 10 | 10.0 | 0.79 (0.10–6.31) | 0.82 |  |  |
Annual family income(yuan) | ||||||
 <3 000 | 117 | 10.3 | 1.00 | 0.63 |  |  |
 3 000–5 000 | 188 | 12.8 | 1.28 (0.61–2.67) | 0.51 |  |  |
 5 000–10 000 | 116 | 14.7 | 1.50 (0.68–3.31) | 0.31 |  |  |
 >10 000 | 194 | 10.3 | 1.01 (0.47–2.14) | 1.00 |  |  |
Keeping livestock or poultry (e.g., cattle, sheep, chicken) | ||||||
 No | 155 | 7.1 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Yes | 460 | 13.5 | 2.04 (1.05–3.98) | 0.04 | 2.27 (1.01–5.08) | <0.05 |
Drinking unboiled water | ||||||
 No | 14 | 14.3 | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Yes | 589 | 12.1 | 0.82 (0.18–3.75) | 0.80 |  |  |
Washing hands before meals | ||||||
 Often or always | 352 | 12.2 | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Never or occasionally | 253 | 11.9 | 0.97 (0.59–1.59) | 0.89 |  |  |
Washing hands before defecation | ||||||
 Often or always | 329 | 12.5 | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Never or occasionally | 277 | 11.6 | 0.92 (0.56–1.50) | 0.73 |  |  |
Washing fruits and raw vegetables before eating them | ||||||
 Often or always | 183 | 13.3 | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Never or occasionally | 392 | 10.4 | 0.76 (0.43–1.32) | 0.33 |  |  |
Having a household lavatory | ||||||
 No | 239 | 12.6 | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Yes | 352 | 11.9 | 0.94 (0.57–1.56) | 0.82 |  |  |
Living under the same roof with livestock | ||||||
 No | 541 | 12.6 | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Yes | 35 | 8.6 | 0.65 (0.19–2.19) | 0.50 |  |  |
HIV infection | ||||||
 No | 601 | 12.0 | 1.000 |  |  |  |
 Yes | 14 | 7.1 | 0.57 (0.07–4.39) | 0.59 |  |  |
HBV infection | ||||||
 No | 564 | 11.0 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Yes | 51 | 21.6 | 2.23 (1.09–4.56) | 0.03 | 3.42 (1.47–7.92) | <0.01 |