PREGNANCY | LACTATION | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Condition | Yes | No | Yes | No |
Environmental hazards | ||||
Wood smoke | 52.2 ± 4.9 (n = 114) | 41.7 ± 19.8 (n = 6) | 28.0 ± 3.7 (n = 93) | 24.4 ± 8.4 (n = 6) |
Fieldwork | 52.3 ± 7.5 (n = 60) | 51.0 ± 5.9 (n = 60) | 24.0 ± 4.7 (n = 41) | 30.4 ± 5.0 (n = 58) |
Micronutrient status | ||||
Folic acid < 10 nmol/L | 61.1 ± 11.6 (n = 25) | 49.2 ± 5.1 (n = 95) | 30.1 ± 6.7 (n = 31) | 26.7 ± 4.2 (n = 68) |
Vitamin B12 < 150 pmol/L | 48.8 ± 4.9 (n = 103) | 68.7 ± 15.5 (n = 17) | 24.6 ± 4.5 (n = 46) | 30.5 ± 5.4 (n = 53) |
Vitamin A < 1.05 μmol/L | 59.5 ± 8.9 (n = 46) | 47.1 ± 5.3 (n = 73) | 30.2 ± 11.7 (n = 18) | 27.3 ± 3.6 (n = 79) |
Vitamin A > 1.5 μmol/L | 35.6 ± 6.5 (n = 22) | 55.2 ± 5.5 (n = 98) | 30.6 ± 5.5a (n = 39) | 26.0 ± 4.8b (n = 58) |
Vitamin D < 50 nmol/L | 54.2 ± 5.8 (n = 82) | 46.1 ± 8.2 (n = 38) | 25.7 ± 3.9 (n = 68) | 32.3 ± 7.5 (n = 31) |
Clinically detected Infections | ||||
Caries | 74.0 ± 12.2a (n = 25) | 45.8 ± 4.9b (n = 95) | 21.4 ± 8.3b (n = 18) | 29.2 ± 3.9a (n = 81) |
Scabies | 53.1 ± 11.8 (n = 26) | 51.2 ± 5.1 (n = 94) | 25.8 ± 9.5 (n = 8) | 27.9 ± 3.8 (n = 91) |
Laboratory detected infections | ||||
AB/UTI | 53.5 ± 7.1 (n = 63) | 47.1 ± 6.1 (n = 55) | 26.0 ± 6.4 (n = 34) | 30.0 ± 4.5 (n = 60) |
Bacterial vaginosis | 52.5 ± 6.0 (n = 73) | 50.8 + 7.9 (n = 46) | 21.7 ± 4.3 (n = 50) | 22.8 ± 5.6 (n = 29) |
Lactobacillus | 48.8 ± 6.7 (n = 59) | 54.8 ± 6.8 (n = 60) | 22.2 ± 6.9 (n = 21) | 22.0 ± 3.9 (n = 58) |
Bacteroides/Gardnerella | 51.5 ± 4.8 (n = 114) | 59.4 ± 29.6 (n = 5) | 22.5 ± 3.5 (n = 77) | 5.2 ± 4.3 (n = 2) |
Mobiluncus | 48.8 ± 4.9 (n = 95) | 63.9 ± 13.7 (n = 24) | 20.6 ± 3.4 (n = 69) | 31.4 ± 13.4 (n = 10) |
Vaginal Trichomoniasis | 52.8 ± 5.8 (n = 88) | 49.1 ± 8.0 (n = 31) | 23.0 ± 3.7 (n = 72) | 12.0 ± 3.7 (n = 7) |
Vaginal yeast infection | 47.2 ± 10.3 (n = 33) | 53.3 ± 5.2 (n = 87) | 16.0 ± 5.7 (n = 9) | 22.9 ± 3.8 (n = 70) |
Vaginal Diplococcal infection | 64.4 ± 14.3 (n = 24) | 48.6 ± 4.7 (n = 95) | 18.1 ± 4.5 (n = 25) | 23.9 ± 4.5 (n = 54) |
Ascaris | 44.0 ± 8.1b (n = 39) | 55.3 ± 5.8a (n = 81) | 35.0 ± 11.9 (n = 4) | 35.9 ± 10.4 (n = 19) |
Hookworm | 55.9 ± 6.5 (n = 68) | 46.1 ± 6.8 (n = 52) | 34.8 ± 14.7 (n = 11) | 36.5 ± 10.6 (n = 12) |
Trichuris | 33.3 ± 10.9 (n = 15) | 54.3 ± 5.1 (n = 105) | 49.4 ± 27.3 (n = 2) | 34.4 ± 9.4 (n = 21) |