Fig. 2

PRECEDE model for controlling T. solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in Burkina Faso planned using an implementation research method, 2007–2012. The PRECEDE phases can be read from right to left. Phases 1 and 2: The quality of life of the study community is compromised by the prevalence of human and porcine cysticercosis. The community desires access to safe water, latrines, and healthcare services, all of which can be linked to diseases. An intervention to reduce prevalence of not only cysticercosis but other diseases is linked to poor sanitation, and safe water is desired. Phase 3: Significant and sustainable improvements in the behavioural and environmental factors are necessary to reduce the frequency of human and porcine cysticercosis. Construction and use of latrines needs to be promoted to stop open defecation. Prevention of consumption of undercooked pork could be managed by an education intervention. Phase 4: Cysticercosis is predisposed by a lack of knowledge on T. solium and the advantages of its control. Lack of self-efficacy can be the reason why households are not constructing latrines or pigpens. Health extension services are important in the initiation and maintenance of behavioural and environmental factor changes. Phase 5: A health promotion program in the study area should focus on improving knowledge and enhancing self-efficacy in implementing T. solium control measures. The developed intervention strategy consists of a 52-min film and accompanying comic booklet to improve knowledge and PHAST to enhance self-efficacy. Water and sanitation policy for the Burkina Faso government and that of NGOs are consistent with the initiative of this study. For example, several organizations, including UNICEF, WaterAid, Plan International and World Bank have been supporting initiatives focusing on improving community access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene in Burkina Faso for many years. The health education strategy is expected to improve knowledge on T. solium and self-efficacy in the construction of pit latrines. These in turn will reduce risk behaviours related to T. solium transmission. Consequently, the prevalence of taeniasis and cysticercosis will be reduced. This will contribute to the improvement of quality of life of the community