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Table 2 Factors associated with past DENV infections (N = 209)

From: Seroprevalence of dengue among healthy adults in a rural community in Southern Malaysia: a pilot study

    

Univariate analysis

Multivariate Analysis

Variable

Total participants a

No positive/No tested

%

Crude OR

95% CI

P value

Adjusted OR

95% CI

P value

Age group

     

< 0.001

  

0.001

 18–24

33

16/33

48.5

1.0

Referent

 

1.0

Referent

–

 25–34

22

15/22

68.2

2.28

0.74–7.03

0.153

1.679

0.353–7.984

0.515

 35–44

42

22/42

52.4

1.17

0.47–2.91

0.738

0.780

0.172–3.541

0.748

 45–54

65

58/65

89.2

8.80

3.11–24.9

< 0.001

5.938

1.110–31.771

0.037

 55 and above

115

98/115

85.2

6.12

2.60–14.40

< 0.001

4.165

0.830–20.894

0.083

Gender

     

0.893

   

 Male

116

88/116

75.9

1.04

0.60–1.81

0.893

   

 Female

161

121/161

75.2

1.00

Referent

    

Ethnicity

     

0.897

   

 Malay

202

152/202

75.2

1.00

Referent

    

 Chinese

75

57/75

76

1.04

0.56–1.93

0.897

   

Marital status

     

0.002

  

0.963

 Divorced/separated

25

21/25

84

1.39

0.45–4.25

0.569

0.969

0.286–3.282

0.959

 Not married

46

25/46

54.3

0.31

0.16–0.61

0.001

0.839

0.236–2.982

0.787

 Married

206

163/206

79.1

1.00

Referent

 

1.0

Referent

–

Highest education

     

0.006

  

0.485

 Never attended/Primary

82

71/82

86.6

4.22

1.75–10.20

0.001

2.032

0.637–6.478

0.231

 Secondary

152

112/152

73.7

1.83

0.90–3.72

0.095

1.394

0.573–3.395

0.464

 College/university

43

26/43

60.5

1.0

Referent

 

1.0

Referent

–

Occupation

     

0.132

  

0.548

 Student

11

5/11

45.5

1.0

Referent

 

1.0

Referent

–

 Homemaker

93

72/93

77.4

4.11

1.14–14.83

0.031

0.813

0.145–4.570

0.815

 Unemployed

54

39/54

72.2

3.12

0.83–11.77

0.093

0.796

0.161–3.928

0.780

 Employed

119

93/119

78.2

4.29

1.21–15.19

0.024

1.326

0.266–6.624

0.731

Study site

     

0.961

   

 Kampung Jawa (rural)

190

143/190

75.3

1.0

Referent

    

 Kampung Abdullah (urban)

60

46/60

76.7

1.08

0.54–2.14

0.825

   

 Taman Segar (semi-urban)

27

20/27

74.1

0.94

0.37–2.36

0.894

   

Type of housing

     

0.914

   

 Single terrace

190

143/190

75.3

1.0

Referent

    

 Double terrace

87

66/87

75.9

1.03

0.57–1.87

0.914

   

Comorbidity

     

0.168

  

0.546

 No

202

148/202

73.3

1.0

Referent

 

1.0

Referent

–

 Yes

75

61/75

81.3

1.59

0.82–3.07

0.168

0.767

0.325–1.812

0.546

No of medical illness

     

0.387

   

 0

202

148/202

73.3

1.0

Referent

    

 1

48

39/48

81.2

1.58

0.72–3.48

0.255

   

 > 1

27

22/27

81.5

1.60

0.58–4.45

0.363

   

Hypertension

     

0.325

   

 No

225

167/225

74.2

1.0

Referent

    

 Yes

52

42/52

80.8

1.46

0.69–3.09

0.325

   

Diabetes

     

0.163

  

0.449

 No

253

188/253

74.3

1.0

Referent

 

1.0

Referent

–

 Yes

24

21/24

87.5

2.420

0.70–8.38

0.163

1.735

0.416–7.224

0.449

High cholesterol

     

0.498

   

 No

260

195/260

75

1.0

Referent

    

 Yes

17

14/17

82.4

1.56

0.43–5.58

0.498

   

Asthma

     

0.803

   

 No

270

204/207

75.6

1.24

0.23–6.52

0.803

   

 Yes

7

5/7

71.4

1.0

Referent

    

Family history of dengue

     

0.269

   

 No

217

167/217

77

1.43

0.76–2.70

0.269

   

 Yes

60

42/60

70

1.0

Referent

    

Family members with dengue

     

0.969

   

 1

49

34/49

69.4

1.0

Referent

    

 > 1

10

7/10

70

1.029

0.23–4.53

0.969

   
  1. aTotal number of participants is the denominator for each variable category