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Table 2 Characteristics of recurrent TB cases in urban and rural Tanzania. Patients enrolled between August 2015 and February 2017 in Dar es Salaam (urban) and Ifakara (rural)

From: Distinct clinical characteristics and helminth co-infections in adult tuberculosis patients from urban compared to rural Tanzania

Characteristics

All

Urban

Rural

P-value

Total, n (%)

24 (100)

6 (25.0)

18 (75.0)

<  0.001

Age in years, median (IQR)

47 (33.5–53)

39 (29–47)

47.5 (38–55)

0.20

Male sex, n (%)

22 (91.7)

6 (100)

16 (88.9)

0.55

HIV infection, n (%)

5 (20.8)

1 (16.7)

4 (22.2)

1.0

Education level, n (%)

5 (0.9)

  

0.55

 No/primary school

21 (87.5)

15 (83.3)

6 (100)

 

 Secondary/university

3 (12.5)

3 (16.7)

 

Occupation, n (%)

0.002

 Unemployed

14 (58.3)

14 (77.8)

 

 Employed

10 (41.7)

6 (100)

4 (22.2)

 

Smoking a, n (%)

3 (12.5)

2 (33.3)

1 (5.6)

0.25

Alcohol use b, n (%)

4 (16.7)

4 (22.2)

0.54

Diabetes mellitus

1 (5.3)

1 (7.7)

People in the household, n (%)

0.99

  ≤ 3

17 (70.8)

4 (66.7)

13 (72.2)

 

  > 3

7 (29.2)

2 (33.3)

5 (27.8)

 

History of TB contact, n (%)

7 (29.2)

1 (16.7)

6 (33.3)

0.63

Household monthly income, n (%)

0.99

  < 100 USD

18 (75.0)

5 (83.3)

13 (72.2)

 

  ≥ 100 USD

6 (25.0)

1 (16.7)

5 (27.8)

 

BMI in kg/m2, median (IQR)

16.9 (16.3–18.4)

16.5 (15.7–17.0)

17.1 (16.5–18.8)

0.14

Body fat in %, median (IQR)

10.9 (7.4–14.9)

7.1 (5.9–8.5)

11.9 (10.2–15.2)

0.005

Hb level in g/dl, median (IQR)

10.8 (10–12)

11.2 (7.2–12.9)

10.5 (10.1–12)

0.79

Visiting traditional healers, n (%)

5 (20.8)

1 (16.7)

4 (22.2)

0.99

Previous use of antibiotics, n (%)

18 (75.0)

3 (50.0)

15 (83.3)

0.14

Any helminth infection, n (%)

5 (22.7)

2 (50.0)

3 (16.7)

0.21

  1. n Number, IQR Interquartile range, HIV Human immunodeficiency virus, USD United States Dollars (1 USD = 2171 Tanzanian Shillings, June 2016)
  2. aDefined as current smoking
  3. bAlcohol use defined as drinking alcohol regularly—at least three standard bottles of beer (or equivalent) per day