Table 1 The distribution of snails that can transmit parasitic diseases and the parasites they can carry
Categories | Distribution | Ac | Cs | Fb | Fh | Of | Ov | Pw | Sh | Si | Sj | Smal | Sman | Smek | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Achatinidae | |||||||||||||||
Achatina fulica | East Africa, America, Brazil, China, Guam, India, Japan, Madagascar, Mauritius, Pacific Islands, Seychelles, Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Zanzibar | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Ampullariidae | |||||||||||||||
Pila ampullacea | Thailand | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Pi. angelica | Thailand | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [22] |
Pi. gracilis | Thailand | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Pi. pesmei | Thailand | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [23] |
Pi. polita | Thailand | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Pi. scutata | Malaysia | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Pi. turbinis | Thailand | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Pomacea canaliculata | Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, California, China, Dominican Republic, Florida, Guam, Hawaii, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, New Nyaya, North Korea, Paraguay, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Texas, Thailand, Uruguay, Vietnam | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Po. lineata | Brazil | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [3] |
Ancylidae | |||||||||||||||
Ferrissia tenuis | India | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [100] |
Ariophantidae | |||||||||||||||
Girasia peguensis | China | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Hemiplecta distincta | Thailand | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [23] |
Microparmarion malayanus | Burma, Malaysia | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Assimineidae | |||||||||||||||
Assiminea latericea | China | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [11] |
Bithyniidae | |||||||||||||||
Alocinma longicornis | China | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [11] |
Bithynia fuchsiania | China | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [12] |
Bit. funiculate | Laos, Thailand | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [13] |
Bit. goniompharus | Laos, Thailand | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [13] |
Bit. inflate | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Bit. leachi | Germany | + | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [14] |
Bit. misella | China | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [12] |
Bit. siamensis | Cambodia, Laos, Thailand | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Bit. troscheli | Russia | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [16] |
Parafossarulus eximius | China | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [17] |
Pa. striatulus | China | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [12] |
Pa. sinensis | China | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [18] |
Pa. anomalospiralis | China | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [19] |
Pa. manchouricus | China, Japan, Korea | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [20] |
Bradybaenida | |||||||||||||||
Bradybaena despecta | China, East Timor, Japan, Myanmar | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Br. ravida | China, North Korea, Japan, Russia, | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Br. circulus | Japan | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Br. similaris | China, Brazil, East Timor, Japan, Pacific Islands | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Euhadra quaesita | Japan | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Plectotropis applanata | China | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Buccinidae | |||||||||||||||
Clea helena | Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Camaenidae | |||||||||||||||
Satsuma mercatoria | Pacific Islands | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Camaena cicatricosa | China, Japan, Myanmar, Pacific Islands, Vietnam | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Cyclophoridae | |||||||||||||||
Pupina complanata | America, Malaysia | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Helicarionidae | |||||||||||||||
Parmarion martensi | Japan, Hawaii | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [103] |
Lymnaeidae | |||||||||||||||
Fossaria cubensis | America, Bolivia, Caribbean Islands, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [43] |
Galba cousin | Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [43] |
G. glaticallsformis | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
G. pervia | China | + | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [44] |
G. truncatula | Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, France, Italy, Mexico, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Venezuela | + | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Lymnaea bulimoides | Mexico | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [46] |
Ly. diaphana | Argentina, Chile, Peru | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [43] |
Ly. fuscus | Sweden | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [48] |
Ly. humilis | Mexico | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [46] |
Ly. japonica | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Ly. neotropica | Argentina, Peru | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [43] |
Ly. obrussa | Mexico | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [46] |
Ly. ollula | Japan, Korea | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [49] |
Ly. palustris | Sweden | + | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Ly. rupestris | Brazil | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [43] |
Ly. tomentosa | Australia | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [50] |
Ly. viatrix | Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Ly. viridis | Australia, China, Korea, Vietnam | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Omphiscola glabra | France, Germany, Italy | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Pseudosuccinea columella | Africa, Australia, Caribbean Islands, Central America, Europe, New Zealand, North America, South America, Tahiti | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Radix auricularia | China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Korea, Poland, | + | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Ra. lagotis | Austria, China, Czech Republic | + | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Ra. natalensis | Egypt, Senegal | + | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [54] |
Ra. ovata (Ra. peregra) | Czech Republic, France, Iceland, Italy, Poland, Spain, the Netherlands | + | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Ra. plicatula | – | + | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Ra. swinhoei | China, Japan, Poland, Thailand, Vietnam | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [55] |
Stagnicola palustris | Italy | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [47] |
Physidae | |||||||||||||||
Physa acuta | Japan, Peru | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Planorbidae | |||||||||||||||
Biomphalaria alexandrina | Egypt, Libya, Sudan | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | [24] |
Bio. amazonica | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – |
Bio. andecola | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – |
Bio. arabica | Saudi Arabia | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | [25] |
Bio. camerunensis | Cameroon | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | [26] |
Bio. choanomphala | Albert, Kyoga, Victoria | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | [27] |
Bio. glabrata | Caribbean Islands, south America | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | [24] |
Bio. helophila | Cuba, Peru | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | |
Bio. intermedia | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – |
Bio. kuhniana | China, Venezuela | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | [29] |
Bio. obstructa | Cuba | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | [28] |
Bio. occidentalis | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – |
Bio. peregrine | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – |
Bio. pfeiffei | Africa, Chad | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | [30] |
Bio. prona | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – |
Bio. schrommi | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – |
Bio. smithi | Lake Edward | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | [27] |
Bio. stanleyi | Lake Albert | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | [27] |
Bio. straminea | Argentina, Brazil, Caribbean, China, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Paraguay, St Lucia, Uruguay | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | [29] |
Bio. sudanica | lakes and rivers through central and eastern Africa | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | [31] |
Bio. temascalensis | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – |
Bio. tenagophila | Brazil | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | [29] |
Bulinus africanus | Kenya | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | [32] |
Bu. bavayi | Madagascar | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | [33] |
Bu. beccari | Saudi Arabia | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | [25] |
Bu. camerunensis | Cameroon | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | [34] |
Bu. contortus | Portugal | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | [35] |
Bu. crystallinus | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – |
Bu. forakalii | Cameroon, Chad, Gabon, Rhodesia, Senegal, Tanzania, Zaire | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | – | – | – | – | |
Bu. globosus | Cameroon, Kenya, Lake Victoria area, Nigeria, Pemba, Senegal, Unguja Island, Zanzibar | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | – | – | – | – | |
Bu. liratus | Madagascar | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | [33] |
Bu. nasutus | Kenya, Zanzibar | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | |
Bu. nyassanus | Denmark, Malawi | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | [39] |
Bu. obtusispira | Madagascar | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | [33] |
Bu. reticulatus | Cameroon | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | [37] |
Bu. rohlfsi | Nigeria | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | [38] |
Bu. senegalensis | Cameroon, Senegal | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | [34] |
Bu. tropicus | Cameroon | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | [34] |
Bu. truncatus | Cameroon, Chad, Egypt, Nile Delta, North Africa, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sub-Saharan Africa, Sudan | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | – | – | – | – | |
Bu. ugandae | Lake Victoria | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | [32] |
Bu. umbilicatus | Senegal | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | [34] |
Bu. wright | Saudi Arabia | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | [25] |
Gyraulus convexiusculus | China, India, Korea, Thailand | + | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Hippeutis cantori | China, Korea | + | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
H. umbilicalis | Bangladesh, China, Thailand | + | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Indoplanorbis exustus | Camroon, Malaysia, Thailand | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Lanistes carinatus | Thailand | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [23] |
La. purpureus | Kenya | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | [32] |
Planorbarius metidjensis | Portugal | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | [35] |
Segmentina hemisphaerula | Korea, Thailand | + | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [41] |
Seg. trochoideus | Bangladesh, Thailand | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [42] |
Pleuroseridae | |||||||||||||||
Semisulcospira amurensis | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Sem. cancellata | China | + | + | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | [108] |
Sem. kurodai | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Sem. libertina | China | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | [109] |
Sem. mandarina | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Sem. peregrinorum | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Sem. toucheana | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Pomatiopsidae | |||||||||||||||
Neotricula aperta | Cambodia, Laos, Thailand | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | [59] |
Oncomelania hupensis | China, Indonesia, Philippines | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | [60] |
Robertsiella kaporensis | Malaysia | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | [110] |
Subulinidae | |||||||||||||||
Allopeas kyotoensis | Japan | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Opeas javanicum | Pacific Islands | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Subulina octona | Brazil, Pacific Islands | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Succineidae | |||||||||||||||
Succinea lauta | Japan | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Su. pfeifferi | Norway | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [112] |
Thiaridae | |||||||||||||||
Melanoides tuberculata | America, Australia, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela | – | + | – | – | – | – | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | |
Tarebia granifera (M. granifera) | South-East Asia, North and South America and Africa | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | [58] |
Viviparidae | |||||||||||||||
Bellamya aeruginosa | China | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Be. ingallsiana | Malaysia | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Be. quadrata | China | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [113] |
Cipangopaludina chinensis | China, Japan, North Korea | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [21] |
Filopaludina martensi martensi | Thailand | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [23] |
F. sumatrensis polygramma | Thailand | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [23] |
Sinotaia quadrata | Japan | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | [114] |