Table 3 Pooled prevalence estimates and distribution of helminths species according to class of parasites
Parasites | Number of studies | Pooled prevalence estimates | (95% CI) | Heterogeneity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size | Cases | Prev. (%) | I2 (%) | Q-P | |||
HVI Cestodes | |||||||
Moniezia expansa | 9 | 5785 | 368 | 6.36 | 5.75–7.02 | 99.51 | 0.000 |
Avitellina centripunctata | 3 | 712 | 33 | 4.63 | 3.21–6.45 | 95.01 | 0.000 |
Taenia spp. | 10 | 3224 | 104 | 3.23 | 2.64–3.90 | 99.17 | 0.000 |
Moniezia benedeni | 4 | 4643 | 77 | 1.66 | 1.31–2.07 | 97.62 | 0.000 |
Overall (Cestodes) | – | 14 364 | 582 | 4.05 | 3.73–4.39 | 97.82 | 0.000 |
Nematodes | |||||||
Strongyloides papillosus | 13 | 7671 | 2459 | 32.06 | 31.01–33.11 | 99.90 | 0.000 |
Gongylonema spp. | 1 | 248 | 41 | 16.53 | 12.13–21.75 | 0.00 | 0.594 |
Gaigeria spp. | 1 | 248 | 35 | 14.11 | 10.03–19.08 | 0.00 | 0.742 |
Bunostomum phlebotomum | 9 | 4513 | 407 | 9.02 | 8.20–9.89 | 94.16 | 0.000 |
Trichostrongylus spp. | 7 | 3300 | 287 | 8.70 | 7.76–9.71 | 99.01 | 0.000 |
Ostertagia spp. | 5 | 1160 | 99 | 8.53 | 6.99–10.29 | 0.00 | 0.436 |
Trichuris globulosa | 8 | 4930 | 337 | 6.84 | 6.15–7.58 | 87.56 | 0.005 |
Cooperia pectinata | 2 | 2663 | 173 | 6.50 | 5.59–7.50 | 0.00 | 0.335 |
Haemonchus contortus | 8 | 4104 | 234 | 5.70 | 5.01–6.46 | 98.78 | 0.000 |
Chabertia ovina | 2 | 464 | 25 | 5.39 | 3.52–7.85 | 0.00 | 0.844 |
Nematodirus spp. | 4 | 1905 | 87 | 4.57 | 3.67–5.60 | 89.94 | 0.002 |
Toxocara vitulorum | 10 | 6634 | 283 | 4.27 | 3.79–4.78 | 98.65 | 0.000 |
Trichuris ovis | 7 | 4591 | 71 | 1.55 | 1.21–1.95 | 87.93 | 0.004 |
Overall (Nematodes) | – | 42 431 | 4538 | 10.70 | 10.40–10.99 | 99.67 | 0.000 |
Trematodes | |||||||
Paramphistomum spp. | 12 | 9180 | 1424 | 15.51 | 14.78–16.27 | 91.49 | 0.001 |
Eurytrema pancreaticum | 3 | 672 | 81 | 12.05 | 9.69–14.76 | 98.76 | 0.000 |
Schistosoma bovis | 6 | 1926 | 191 | 9.92 | 8.62–11.34 | 95.54 | 0.000 |
Dicrocoelium hospes | 5 | 7809 | 641 | 8.21 | 7.61–8.84 | 98.57 | 0.000 |
Dicrocoelium dendriticum | 4 | 3436 | 152 | 4.42 | 3.76–5.17 | 71.93 | 0.059 |
Gastrothylax spp. | 2 | 464 | 14 | 3.02 | 1.66–5.01 | 46.71 | 0.171 |
Overall (Trematodes) | – | 23 478 | 2503 | 10.66 | 10.27–11.06 | 98.79 | 0.000 |
HZI | |||||||
T. saginata/C. bovis | 5 | 58 925 | 9315 | 15.81 | 15.51–16.11 | 98.79 | 0.000 |
Fasciola gigantica | 20 | 53 402 | 7390 | 13.84 | 13.55–14.13 | 99.97 | 0.000 |
Oesophagostomum spp. | 7 | 3397 | 462 | 13.60 | 12.46–14.80 | 0.00 | 0.799 |
Echinococcus/Hydatid cyst | 4 | 202 160 | 213 | 0.11 | 0.09–0.12 | 77.86 | 0.034 |
Overall (HZI) | 317 884 | 17 380 | 5.47 | 5.39–5.55 | 99.95 | 0.000 | |