Table 1 Estimates of pooled prevalence and subgroup analysis of Clonorchis sinensis in first intermediate hosts
All areas | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of data points | Sample size | No. of positive | Pooled prevalence, % (95% CI) | I2, % (95% CI) | R2, % (QM P value) | QE P value | |
All first intermediate hosts | 210 | 4,52,969 | 4528 | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 97.0 (96.8–97.2) | ||
Taxonomic class | 1.8 (0.1024) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Parafossarulus striatulus | 85 | 2,20,304 | 2592 | 1.1 (0.6–1.6) | 97.4 | ||
Parafossarulus sinensis | 6 | 1825 | 50 | 3.5 (0.8–7.6) | 93.4 | ||
Parafossarulus anomalospiralis | 2 | 269 | 19 | 10.1 (2.2–22.4) | 98.1 | ||
Alocinma longicornis | 44 | 46,889 | 686 | 0.9 (0.3–1.7) | 92.6 | ||
Bithynia fuchslana | 30 | 1,53,016 | 716 | 0.4 (0.0–1.2) | 93.7 | ||
Bithynia robustu | 2 | 2514 | 50 | 2.0 (0.0–8.7) | 0.0 | ||
Bithynia misella | 1 | 1068 | 2 | 0.2 (0.0–6.7) | Ne | ||
Semisulcospira cancellata | 8 | 1544 | 21 | 0.1 (0.0–1.9) | 78.5 | ||
Cipangopaludina chinensis | 8 | 4050 | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.0 | ||
Lymnaea sp. | 3 | 743 | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–2.3) | 0.0 | ||
Tricula sp. | 1 | 7743 | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–4.7) | Ne | ||
Melanoides tuberculata | 1 | 71 | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–8.2) | Ne | ||
Unspecified | 19 | 12,933 | 392 | 1.2 (0.3–2.7) | 98.2 | ||
Investigation period | 1.5 (0.1421) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Before 1990 | 106 | 2,85,066 | 2566 | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 97.2 | ||
1990–1999 | 37 | 95,008 | 1424 | 1.7 (0.9–2.8) | 98.4 | ||
2000–2009 | 61 | 70,191 | 530 | 0.9 (0.4–1.6) | 91.3 | ||
After 2010 | 6 | 2704 | 8 | 0.1 (0.0–1.9) | 59.5 | ||
Season of investigating | 0.0 (0.3415) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Spring | 12 | 7655 | 49 | 0.6 (0.0–2.2) | 93.0 | ||
Summer | 17 | 8191 | 33 | 0.2 (0.0–1.2) | 79.9 | ||
Autumn | 21 | 10,904 | 82 | 0.7 (0.0–1.9) | 90.3 | ||
Winter | 4 | 852 | 32 | 3.2 (0.2–8.9) | 96.5 | ||
Unspecified | 156 | 4,25,367 | 4332 | 1.0 (0.6–1.4) | 97.6 | ||
P. striatulus | 85 | 2,20,304 | 2592 | 1.1 (0.7–1.5) | 97.4 (97.1–97.7) | ||
Investigation period | 0.0 (0.5273) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Before 1990 | 49 | 1,35,542 | 1921 | 1.0 (0.5–1.7) | 98.0 | ||
1990–1999 | 16 | 38,383 | 345 | 1.1 (0.3–2.4) | 95.1 | ||
2000–2009 | 16 | 44,263 | 321 | 1.5 (0.6–2.9) | 95.9 | ||
After 2010 | 4 | 2116 | 5 | 0.0 (0.0–1.8) | 69.1 | ||
Season of investigating | 1.3 (0.2781) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Spring | 3 | 1304 | 5 | 0.5 (0.0–3.8) | 88.7 | ||
Summer | 7 | 5220 | 25 | 0.6 (0.0–2.3) | 91.8 | ||
Autumn | 10 | 5904 | 37 | 0.5 (0.0–1.9) | 78.7 | ||
Winter | 2 | 405 | 30 | 6.0 (1.1–14.1) | 98.0 | ||
Unspecified | 63 | 2,07,471 | 2495 | 1.2 (0.7–1.7) | 97.9 | ||
Areas with population infection rate ≥ 1.0% | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of data points | Sample size | No. of positive | Pooled prevalence, % (95% CI) | I2, % (95% CI) | R2, % (QM P value) | QE P value | |
All first intermediate hosts | 102 | 1,45,762 | 1591 | 0.9 (0.5–1.3) | 94.3 (93.7; 95.1) | ||
Taxonomic class | 7.7 (0.0658) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Parafossarulus striatulus | 35 | 79,468 | 643 | 1.0 (0.5–1.7) | 95.7 | ||
Parafossarulus sinensis | 4 | 1050 | 38 | 4.9 (1.7–9.5) | 91.9 | ||
Parafossarulus anomalospiralis | |||||||
Alocinma longicornis | 24 | 25,609 | 497 | 1.1 (0.5–2.1) | 92.3 | ||
Bithynia fuchslana | 13 | 24,351 | 327 | 1.2 (0.3–2.7) | 79.6 | ||
Bithynia robustu | 2 | 2514 | 50 | 2.0 (0.0–6.8) | 0.0 | ||
Bithynia misella | 1 | 1068 | 2 | 0.2 (0.0–4.4) | Ne | ||
Semisulcospira cancellata | 5 | 1343 | 12 | 0.2 (0.0–2.2) | 87.1 | ||
Cipangopaludina chinensis | 4 | 3520 | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–1.1) | 0.0 | ||
Lymnaea sp. | 2 | 356 | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–2.3) | 0.0 | ||
Tricula sp. | |||||||
Melanoides tuberculata | 1 | 71 | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–5.9) | Ne | ||
Unspecified | 11 | 6412 | 13 | 0.1 (0.0–0.9) | 72.1 | ||
Investigation period | 0.0 (0.8283) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Before 1990 | 45 | 44,652 | 595 | 0.9 (0.4–1.5) | 95.2 | ||
1990–1999 | 16 | 59,764 | 729 | 0.8 (0.2–1.9) | 95.0 | ||
2000–2009 | 37 | 40,042 | 259 | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) | 91.3 | ||
After 2010 | 4 | 1304 | 8 | 0.2 (0.0–2.5) | 0.0 | ||
Season of investigating | 0.0 (0.4813) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Spring | 4 | 2292 | 9 | 0.9 (0.0–4.1) | 90.7 | ||
Summer | 11 | 3464 | 21 | 0.1 (0.0–1.1) | 68.5 | ||
Autumn | 12 | 4386 | 48 | 1.0 (0.1–2.5) | 93.0 | ||
Winter | 2 | 658 | 1 | 0.1 (0.0–2.9) | 43.2 | ||
Unspecified | 73 | 1,34,962 | 1512 | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 95.2 | ||
P. striatulus | 35 | 79,468 | 643 | 1.0 (0.5–1.7) | 95.7 (94.8–96.5) | ||
Investigation period | 0.0 (0.8437) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Before 1990 | 18 | 29,426 | 356 | 1.2 (0.0–2.3) | 96.4 | ||
1990–1999 | 6 | 20,307 | 136 | 0.5 (0.0–2.2) | 94.4 | ||
2000–2009 | 9 | 29,019 | 146 | 1.3 (0.0–3.0) | 95.4 | ||
After 2010 | 2 | 716 | 5 | 0.3 (0.0–4.4) | 0.0 | ||
Season of investigating | 0.0 (0.7911) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Spring | 1 | 109 | 5 | 4.6 (0.0–16.4) | Ne | ||
Summer | 2 | 843 | 13 | 1.1 (0.0–5.4) | 96.2 | ||
Autumn | 4 | 1548 | 10 | 0.4 (0.0–2.8) | 45.0 | ||
Winter | 1 | 238 | 1 | 0.4 (0.0–6.5) | Ne | ||
Unspecified | 27 | 76,730 | 614 | 1.1 (0.0–1.9) | 96.6 | ||
Areas with population infection rate < 1.0% | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of data points | Sample size | No. of positive | Pooled prevalence, % (95% CI) | I2, % (95% CI) | R2, % (QM P value) | QE P value | |
All first intermediate hosts | 108 | 3,07,207 | 2937 | 0.9 (0.4–1.4) | 97.9 (97.7–98.1) | ||
Taxonomic class | 6.4 (0.0456) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Parafossarulus striatulus | 50 | 1,39,994 | 1949 | 1.1 (0.5–2.0) | 97.9 | ||
Parafossarulus sinensis | 2 | 775 | 12 | 1.2 (0.0–8.0) | 96.2 | ||
Parafossarulus anomalospiralis | 2 | 269 | 19 | 10.6 (1.8–24.6) | 98.1 | ||
Alocinma longicornis | 20 | 21,280 | 189 | 0.6 (0.0–1.8) | 89.5 | ||
Bithynia fuchslana | 17 | 1,28,665 | 389 | 0.1 (0.0–1.0) | 84.0 | ||
Bithynia robustu | |||||||
Bithynia misella | |||||||
Semisulcospira cancellata | 3 | 201 | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–4.0) | 0.0 | ||
Cipangopaludina chinensis | 4 | 530 | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–2.7) | 0.0 | ||
Lymnaea sp. | 1 | 387 | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–6.9) | Ne | ||
Tricula sp. | 1 | 7743 | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–5.8) | Ne | ||
Melanoides tuberculata | |||||||
Unspecified | 8 | 1136 | 33 | 3.9 (1.2–8.0) | 99.6 | ||
Investigation period | 5.5 (0.0499) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Before 1990 | 61 | 2,40,414 | 1971 | 0.6 (0.2–1.2) | 97.9 | ||
1990–1999 | 21 | 35,244 | 695 | 2.7 (1.1–4.7) | 99.0 | ||
2000–2009 | 24 | 30,149 | 271 | 0.6 (0.0–1.8) | 90.9 | ||
After 2010 | 2 | 1400 | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–3.6) | 0.0 | ||
Season of investigating | 4.1 (0.0724) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Spring | 8 | 5363 | 40 | 0.5 (0.0–2.7) | 94.3 | ||
Summer | 6 | 4727 | 12 | 0.4 (0.0–2.8) | 86.5 | ||
Autumn | 9 | 6518 | 34 | 0.4 (0.0–2.4) | 83.6 | ||
Winter | 2 | 194 | 31 | 13.0 (2.5–29.0) | 37.7 | ||
Unspecified | 83 | 2,90,405 | 2820 | 0.9 (0.4–1.5) | 98.3 | ||
P. striatulus | 50 | 1,40,836 | 1949 | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | 97.9 (97.6–98.1) | ||
Investigation period | 0.7 (0.3439) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Before 1990 | 31 | 1,06,116 | 1565 | 0.9 (0.0–1.8) | 98.4 | ||
1990–1999 | 10 | 18,076 | 209 | 1.6 (0.0–3.8) | 95.5 | ||
2000–2009 | 7 | 15,244 | 175 | 1.9 (0.0–4.7) | 95.9 | ||
After 2010 | 2 | 1400 | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–2.4) | 0.0 | ||
Season of investigating | 16.7 (0.0107) | < 0.0001 | |||||
Spring | 2 | 1195 | 0 | 0.0 (0.0–2.4) | 0.0 | ||
Summer | 5 | 4377 | 12 | 0.5 (0.0–2.4) | 89.2 | ||
Autumn | 6 | 4356 | 27 | 0.6 (0.0–2.5) | 86.1 | ||
Winter | 1 | 167 | 29 | 17.4 (5.4–34.0) | Ne | ||
Unspecified | 36 | 1,30,741 | 1881 | 1.2 (0.0–2.0) | 98.3 | ||