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Table 2 Comparison of neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes between uninfected and infected groups—summary of main domains and sub-domains scores

From: Neurocognitive and mental health outcomes in children with tungiasis: a cross-sectional study in rural Kenya and Uganda

Outcomes

Overall, N = 454

Uninfected, N = 234

Mean (SE)

Infected, N = 220

Mean (SE)

Difference in means (95% CI)b

P

Main domains

Assessed sub-domains

Min

Max

Mean (se)

    

Language

Literacy ability

8

142

94.6 (2.0)

103.6 (2.6)

85.0 (3.1)

18.6 (10.7–26.4)

 < 0.001a

Language

6

58

23.8 (0.3)

25.0 (0.5)

22.4 (0.5)

2.6 (1.3–3.9)

 < 0.001

Attention

Cognitive flexibility

6

140.7

40.5 (1)

42.0 (1.3)

38.9 (1.5)

3.1 (− 0.8 to 7.0)

0.118a

Response inhibition

20

80

37.1 (0.4)

38.2 (0.6)

36 (0.6)

2.2 (0.5–3.9)

0.011

Memory

Working memory

0

9

2.8 (0.1)

3 (0.1)

2.5 (0.1)

0.5 (0.2–0.7)

 < 0.001

Perceptual-motor

Fine motor ability

4

15.3

9.9 (0.1)

10.3 (0.1)

9.4 (0.1)

0.9 (0.5–1.3)

< 0.001

Executive functioning

Nonverbal intelligence

0

43

13.4 (0.4)

14.3 (0.5)

12.3 (0.4)

2 (0.6–3.4)

0.004a

Numeracy ability

0

50

39.6 (0.6)

41.4 (0.7)

37.7 (0.9)

3.7 (1.4–6.0)

0.002a

Behavioral outcome

 Total behavioral problems

0

126

32.2(1)

30.1 (1.3)

34.4 (1.6)

− 4.3 (− 8.4, − 0.1)

0.043a

  1. All p-values are from two sample Student’s t test unless specified
  2. aWelch’s t-test
  3. bDifference (score uninfected – score uninfected)