Table 2 The presence and prevalence of brucellosis in ticks from literature references
From: Evidence-practice gap analysis in the role of tick in brucellosis transmission: a scoping review
Tick species | Developmental stage | Feeding status | Brucella strains | Prevalence | Methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hyalomma marginatum Hyalomma savignyi | Adult | Parasitic | Brucella | NA | Bacteria isolation [53] |
Dermacentor | Larval nymph | Parasitic | B. melitensi | NA | Animal experiment [54] |
Annulatus | Adult | Parasitic | Brucella | 60.00% (6/10) | Bacteria isolation [55] |
Boophilus | 80.00% (8/10) | ||||
Hyalomma marginatum Dermacentor nuttalli | Adult | Parasitic | B. abortus | NA | Animal experiment [56] |
Dermacentor marginatus Dermacentor albipictus | Adult | Parasitic | B. melitensi | NA | Animal experiment [57] |
Dermacentor nuttalli Dermacentor sinicus | Egg Adult | Parasitic | Brucella | NA | Animal experiment [58] |
Dermacentor daghestanicu | Adult | Parasitic | Brucella | NA | Animal experiment [59] |
Rhipicephalus sanguineus | Adult | Parasitic | B. canis | NA | Bacteria isolation [60] |
Hyalomma anatolicum | Adult | Parasitic | B. abortus | 45.00% (225/500) | Bacteria isolation [61] |
Rhipicephalus microplus | 70.00% (350/500) | ||||
Dermacentor nuttalli | Adult | Parasitic | B. melitensi | 53.38% (1020/1911)a | PCR [62] |
Boophilus | Adult | Parasitic | B. abortus | NA | PCR [48] |
Dermacentor marginatus | Egg | Parasitic | Brucella | 4.60% (16/350) | PCR [63] |
Larval | 40.90% (90/220) | ||||
Adult | B. melitensi | 4.13% (10/242) | |||
B. abortus | 5.56% (6/108) | ||||
Dermacentor nuttalli | Adult | Parasitic | Brucella | 27.54% (320/1162) | PCR [64] |
Dermacentor nuttalli | Adult | Parasitic | Brucella | 18.81% (60/319) | PCR [65] |
Dermacentor marginatus | 41.90% (75/179) | ||||
34.26% (37/108) | |||||
Rhipicephalus turanicus | 11.59% (8/69) | ||||
Haemaphysalis punctata | 12.50% (9/72) | ||||
Hyalomma asiaticum | |||||
Non-parasitic | 7.42% (25/337) | ||||
Hyalomma anatolicum | Adult | Parasitic | Brucella | 44.40% (111/250) | PCR [66] |
Dermacentor nuttalli | 14.40% (36/250) | ||||
Dermacentor marginatus | 20.00% (50/250) | ||||
Haemaphysalis longicornis | Adult | Parasitic | Brucella | 24.26% (41/169) | PCR [67] |
Rhipicephalus turanicus | Adult | Parasitic | B. canis | 4.82% (21/436) | PCR [68] |
Ixodes ricinus | Adult | Non-parasitic | Brucella | NA | mNGS [69] |
Dermacentor silvarum | Adult | Parasitic | Brucella | NA | mNGS [70] |